Moving to Europe after Brexit: the 2026 guide

Since 1 January 2021 every UK-to-EU household move is a customs export. Getting the paperwork right — and using the Transfer of Residence (ToR) relief — makes the difference between a smooth move and thousands of pounds of avoidable VAT.

What Brexit actually changed for movers

Household goods are now classified as commercial cargo when they cross the UK–EU border. You'll need a full inventory in the destination language, a T1 transit document if the load transits third countries, and either a customs broker at the port or a mover who handles customs in-house.

Transfer of Residence (ToR) relief

ToR is the EU-wide relief that lets you import personal belongings free of import VAT and duty when you're becoming a resident of an EU country. You must have owned the goods for at least 6 months, be moving your primary residence, and apply before goods arrive (some countries allow up to 12 months after arrival — check locally).

  • Apply BEFORE goods land at the port — retrospective applications are refused in France and Germany
  • Include EVERY item with a value estimate; missing items get import VAT
  • Keep a signed copy for the driver at the port

Visas & residence permits

UK nationals staying >90 days in any 180-day period in the Schengen area need a national visa BEFORE moving. Ireland is an exception (Common Travel Area). Spain and Portugal both offer digital-nomad / non-lucrative options; France and Italy offer long-stay visitor visas.

Timeline: what to book, when

Post-Brexit moves take longer than pre-2021. Plan for 6–12 weeks door-to-door on shared loads, 2–4 weeks on dedicated vans. Book customs clearance the day you book the mover, not after.

FAQs

Do I pay VAT on my own furniture?

No — provided your ToR application is approved. Without it, expect 19–25% import VAT on the goods' declared value.

Can I still move a car with my household goods?

Yes, but vehicles have separate customs declarations and (in most EU countries) need re-registration within 6 months. Factor in the destination's roadworthiness test.

How long does customs take at the EU port?

1–3 working days with pre-cleared paperwork; up to 10 days without. Peak-season delays (June–September) can add 5 days.

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